Page 3 - brochure_improve_flip

done at Krafla and the Krafla Magma Testbed initiative,
while also discussing challenges and opportunities for
even more fruitful cooperation in the future.

Major Outcomes from Day Two:
Research on Mount Etna

The second day focused on Mount Etna, where six ESRs
presented a wide range of approaches and results. Their
work explored the volcano's deformation, from long-term
ground changes to short-term volcanic tremors, shallow
degassing, and links with seismo-acoustic signals, as well
as analogue and numerical studies of structural
deformation associated with magmatic movements.
Overall, the results confirm that intermediate-frequency
ground displacements, from minutes to a day, carry
valuable information about magma movements at depth,
a region that has been little studied so far. High-frequency
seismic signals, unrelated to typical rock fracturing,
appear linked to shallow degassing and the volcano's
Photo credits: Regina Maaß
structural response. Meanwhile, ultra-long-period signals,
observed in continuous ground tilt measurements, match
patterns from numerical simulations, offering new
perspectives for studying deep magma dynamics and
improving early warning systems.
In a late-afternoon session, the industrial partner West
Systems presented a new gas-steam measurement
instrument developed within IMPROVE. Designed jointly by
INGV and West Systems, with the participation of Landsvirkjun,
the instrument can be used for both field measurements and
geothermal wellhead monitoring. After further lab tests, it will
be deployed at Krafla in 2026, showcasing the benefits of
close academia-industry collaboration.

Photo credits: Maurice Weber & Regina Maaß